All induction motors are asynchronous motors. As one of the simplest, most rugged electric motors, AC induction motors have two basic electrical assemblies: a wound stator and rotor assembly. The motor derives its name from the currents flowing into the rotor, which alternating currents flowing in the primary member, or stator, induce. The combined magnetic effects of stator and rotor currents produce the force needed to create a rotation.
AC motors, including, AC induction motors, have rotors with laminated, cylindrical iron cores with slots for receiving conductors. The most common type of rotor made by AC motor manufacturers is sometimes referred to as a “squirrel cage,” which has cast-aluminum conductors and short-circuiting end rings. The squirrel cage rotates when the moving magnetic field creates a current in the shortened conductors.
In an AC motor, the speed at which the magnetic field rotates is referred to as the synchronous speed (ns). This speed is determined by the number of poles in the stator and the power supply’s frequency. The formula to calculate an AC motor’s synchronous speed is ns = 120f/p.
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