Linear Motors
Linear motors generate linear motion directly, rather than requiring an actuator to convert rotary motion to linear motion. They are essentially unrolled servomotors, with the stator, or forcer, riding along a magnet track. They are available in ironless models, in which the forcer travels in a U-shaped magnet track, and iron-core models, in which the forcer travels along a line of magnets that are attached to an iron backing. Iron-core designs deliver more force but suffer from a high degree of cogging as a result of the iron core. Ironless models provide very smooth motion but with less force.
Linear motors offer accuracies on the order of 0.5 µm, with speeds as high as 5 m/s. In theory, the length of the magnet track is unlimited; in reality, consideration like the cost of magnets and an appropriate linear bearing impose practical limitations.
Because linear motors do not require coupling to an outside actuator, they typically exhibit significantly less compliance than rotary motor-actuator combinations. On the downside, the need to have an open slot for the forcer to move in the magnet track can make them vulnerable to contamination.
To summarize the three types in descending order:
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