Metal Fabrication
Metal fabrication is an extremely broad term encompassing a range of metalwork processes. In general, any procedure that cuts or shapes metal into a final product can be considered a form of metal fabrication. These techniques are typically applied to either raw metal or used to reshape stock components like sheets or rods. While some metals like aluminum, brass, copper, and steel are more common because of their characteristics, metal fabrication can be used to shape almost any type of metal.
An experienced metal fabricator can transform a range of raw materials into virtually any geometry, selecting the appropriate methods for the metal’s properties and the desired characteristics. For this reason, fabrication encompasses jobs of nearly any quantity or timetable so long as the necessary equipment is available.
Common Metal Fabrication Processes
The range of available metal fabrication processes is extensive. Still, many techniques are more widely used as they are applicable to multiple project types. Some of the most common methods include the following:
Drawing involves forcing molten or sheet metal through a tapered die to form a specific shape. Deep drawing is a related process used specifically to form parts into hollow geometries with depths exceeding their diameters. Drawing relies mainly on tensile force to shape the metal.
Rather than applying tensile force, forging uses compressive force to shape metal into a desired form. The process involves strategically striking a hot or cold piece with a hammer or die to alter its shape.
Extrusion is typically used to form cylindrical components—namely wiring or pipes. A ram feeds a billet through a narrow die to shape the rod and decrease its diameter.
Punching drives a punch through a sheet of metal to create holes or indentations. These features can be decorative or serve a specific function in the product.
